构建新时代海洋命运共同体******
作者:王胜(海南省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员,中国南海研究院党组书记、院长)
党的二十大报告提出“促进世界和平与发展,推动构建人类命运共同体”,并将“推动构建人类命运共同体”作为中国式现代化的本质要求之一。海洋命运共同体是人类命运共同体理念的丰富和发展,是人类命运共同体理念在海洋领域的具体实践。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,全球海洋治理形势亦面临巨大挑战。海上霸权主义不时显现、海洋环境污染负面效应不断溢出、小岛屿经济体因气候变化、海洋污染等影响面临着严重的生存和发展困境,这些海洋治理领域的挑战亟需新的治理理念、理论和方法。“海洋命运共同体”这一重要思想,为全球海洋治理指明了新的方向。
构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要深刻领悟其精髓要义。海洋命运共同体思想与人类命运共同体思想一脉相承,是人类命运共同体理念在海洋领域的具体实践和全新拓展。从政治上来看,海洋命运共同体致力于构建全球海洋和平环境,促进国际海洋秩序的公平正义。从经济上来看,海洋命运共同体旨在实现全球海洋可持续发展和实现共同繁荣;从安全上来看,海洋命运共同体理念倡导树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观,反对海上霸权主义,走互利共赢的海上安全之路,合力维护海洋和平安宁。从文化上来看,海洋命运共同体理念主张文化交流互鉴与开放包容。从生态环保上来看,海洋命运共体主张保护海洋生态环境,有序开发利用海洋资源,实现海洋的绿色、低碳和永续发展。海洋命运共同体思想搭建起了中国参与全球海洋治理的“四梁八柱”,构建了政治、经济、安全、文化、生态等“多位一体”的理论体系,深刻展现了中国和合思维,是“天下大同、亲仁善邻、爱好和平、互利共赢”等传统文化精髓在当代全球海洋治理领域的具体呈现。
构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要坚决反对错误思维。一是要反对全球海洋霸权主义思维。15世纪末的全球地理大发现,使人类前所未有地通过海洋联系成了一个整体,覆盖地球表面71%面积的海洋自此成为强权争霸的重要舞台之一。海洋霸权国家轮番登场,纷纷试图构建以自身实力和单边利益为基础的海上安全、海上贸易秩序,“落后”国家的被侵略、征服、残杀、掠夺和奴役贯穿其中,甚至多次将人类置于战争的阴霾。
二是反对海洋零和博弈思维。海洋足够宽广,容得下所有国家的发展,海洋不是“你输我赢”的零和博弈舞台,部分国家秉持冷战思维,在海洋安全领域建立排他性安全同盟,只能恶化全球海洋安全形势。
三是反对“公地”思维。海洋资源丰富、蕴藏巨大发展能量,但海洋不是一片可以无限攫取的“公地”,全人类应该携手努力解决海洋环境污染、渔业过度捕捞、海洋生物多样性受损等“悲剧”。四是反对“搭便车”思维。海洋是全人类的共同财富,没有国家可以独善其身,每个国家都应承担与其权利和利益相匹配的责任,共同担负起全球海洋可持续发展的责任。
构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要持续加强国际合作。一是要和全球重大海洋倡议进行对接。联合国2030可持续发展议程制定了“保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展”的目标,海洋命运共同体理念与其深度契合,相互补充,相辅相成,中国推动构建新时代海洋命运共体就是要在以联合国为核心的多边主义框架下与全球海洋倡议协同增效,共同发展。
二是要积极打造面向全球的蓝色伙伴关系。把发展蓝色伙伴关系培育成中国与全球海洋国家关系的新增长极。
三是积极在21世纪海上丝绸之路框架下加强与海洋国家的“五通”建设,秉持“共商、共建、共享”原则,奉行“己欲立而立人、己欲达而达人”的理念实现休戚与共的发展。
构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要推动实现共同繁荣发展。海洋资源的开发与利用日益成为人类新的“蓝海”领域,海上新能源的开发与利用、海工装备的研发与运用、海洋生态环境的修复、“蓝碳”领域的市场技术和人才合作、海上互联互通建设正日益成为全球海洋国家实现发展的重要途径,推动具体领域的务实合作,成为构建海洋命运共同体的必由之路。
作为人类命运共同体的拓展与实践,海洋命运共同体蕴含了丰富的理论和实践价值,能够指引人类化解当前全球海洋治理面临的一系列挑战与困境。在后疫情时代,全球海洋国家更加期盼构建公平正义的海洋安全秩序,更加追求实现绿色、低碳和可持续的共同繁荣发展,更加坚定奉行走合作共赢的海上安全之路,更加笃定全球海洋文化的开放包容,更加注重保护海洋生态环境。海洋命运共同体理念必将引领人类迈向更加美好的未来。
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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